Area:
32º 25' N, 71º 22' E; 25 km southwest of Mianwali, off the Mianwali - Dera Ismail Khan street, Punjab Province. Likewise incorporates regions situated in NWFP-Dera Ismail Khan District.
Region: 34,099 ha.
Elevation: 225m.
Biogeographical Province: Indus Ganges Monsoon Forest.
Wetland type: Water stockpiling repository.
Depiction of site:
An enormous torrent on the Indus waterway with a progression of banks or flood bunds which, at low water levels, partition the repository into five shallow lakes each of up to 250 ha in region.
The development was finished in 1971. Greatest flooding happens in spring. The profundity of the five lakes shifts from 0.2m in the dry season to 5.0m at the tallness of the flood season; the profundity of the primary waterway channel changes from 4.6m to 8.8m. PH values range from 6.5 to 7.2.
Climatic circumstances:
Dry subtropical environment with warm summers and cool winters. The yearly precipitation shifts from
300-500mm, and the relative dampness from 22-85%. the normal greatest temperature in June is 41ºc and the normal least in January is 4.5ºc.
Head vegetation:
The amphibian vegeation comprises of Hydrilla verticillata, Nelumbium speciosum, Nymphaea lotus, Typha angustata, Typha elephantina, Phragmites australis, Potamogeton crispusMyriophyllum sp.- Nymphaeoides cristatum, Potamogeton pectinatus, Saccharum spontaneum, Vallisneria spiralis and Zannichellia palustris. The regular vegetation of the locale is a combination of subtropical semi-evergreen clean and tropical thistle timberland with species, for example, Olea ferruginea, Acacia modesta, A. nilotica, Adhatoda vasica, Dodonaea viscosa, Gynmosporea royleana, Prosopis cineraria, Reptonia buxifolia, Salvadora oleoides, Tamarix aphylla, T. dioica, Zizyphus mauritania, z. nummularia, Chrysopogonaucheri, Lasiurus hirsutus, Heteropogon contortus and Panicum antidotale. Prosopis glandulosa has been presented nearby. A large portion of the normal thistle backwoods on the fields toward the east of the Indus has been cleared for rural land and for flooded estates of Dalbergia sissoo and different species.
Land residency:
The wetland is state possessed (Irrigation Department, Government of the Punjab); adjoining regions are part of the way state possessed and incompletely exclusive.
Preservation measures taken:
The wetland was first announced as a Wildlife Sanctuary of 33,084 ha in 1974. The Safe-haven was re-advised in July 1984, and again in January 1989 and from that point forward, the level of assurance has extraordinarily moved along. A few significant regions on the right bank of the Stream Indus and the supply were excluded from the safe-haven. The regions have now been entirely reviewed, and a stretch of 3km overall around the resrvoir i.e., on the two sidesof the supply, and downstream of the Barrage structures, has been proposed to be included inside the limits of the asylum.
Land use:
Capacity of water for water system, age of power, and fishing. Fishing leases are truly by WAPDA. Reeds (Phragmites australis and Typha elephantina) and kana (Saccharum spp.) are reaped for use in neighborhood house enterprises. A fish incubation center has been laid out at the supply, which became functional in 1987. Encompassing regions are utilized for agribusiness, domesticated animals touching and ranger service.
Aggravations and dangers:
There are plans to build an enormous stockpiling dam at Kala Bagh, upstream of Chasma. The development of this dam would influence the water system at Chasma Barrage and could restrict it's utilization for water capacity. Fishing exercises at the wetland and animals touching on the coastline cause a lot of unsettling influence, and the obvious variances in water level and collecting of reeds adversely affect the amphibian vegetation.
Monetary and social worth:
The chief qualities are flood control, capacity of water for water system, age of power and fisheries creation. In excess of 1000 metric huge loads of fish were reaped in 1992. The yield has expanded generally as of late. The bog vegetation upholds a nearby winding around industry. the flood likewise gives amazing open doors to logical exploration and preservation training.
Fauna:
A vital arranging and wintering region for a wide assortment of waterfowl. The wetland has been supporting north of 50,000 Anatidae and fogies in mid-winter, and in certain years some more. North of 114,000 birds were available in January 1975, and around 100,000 in January 1987 and January 1988 and a greater number of than 200,000 in January, 1989, 1990 and 1991.
The most plentiful species are Anas penelope, A. crecca, A. acuta, Aythya ferina and Fulica atra. Most extreme counts of Fulica atra have been 165,400; 85,600 and 82,400 in January 1989, 1990 and 1991 individually. There is a little wintering herd of anser what's more, Anser indicus infrequently happens on section and in winter (ongoing maxima of 277 in 1982 and 65 out of 1985).
Top counts have included:
710 Phalacrocorax niger
890 Egretta garzetta
220 Ardea cinerea
500 Tadorna ferruginea
7,436 A. Strepera
3,900 A. Platyrhynhos
29,840 A. clypeata
25,000 Aythya ferina
165,418 Fulica atra
560 Larus ridibundus
800 nycticorax
1,800 E. alba
220 Platalea leucorodia
13,000 Anas penelope
62,104 A. crecca
10,100 A. acuta
3,156 Netta rufina
3,100 A. fuligula
130 Philomachus pugnax
160 Sterna aurantia
Mid winter waterfowl includes in January have been impacted in the years 1992 and 1993 when just 11,000 and 29,000 waterfowl were relied on the Reservoir. This has most likely been the consequence of water the board programs embraced by WAPDA and the Punjab Department of
Power and Irrigation.
Blast doors are shut in January and the water level transcends ordinary, consequently lowering the oceanic vegetation. This lessens the food supply for jumping ducks, which eventually influences the waterfowl populace. the populace changes are being checked intently. Other normal winter guests happening in more modest numbers incorporate Podicepscristatus, P. nigricollis, Phalcrocorax carbo and numerous types of shore birds, gulls and terns.The flood is additionally a significant organizing region in spring and pre-winter for the cranes (grus what's more, Anthropoides virgo). Other waterfowl which have been recorded incorporate Mycterialeucocephala, Ciconia nigra, Phoenicopterus ruber, himantopus, recurvirostra avosetta and Glareola lactea.
The asylum is additionally a safe house for summer rearing birds. In excess of 50 species are typically recorded during a day in summer. Long-followed Warbler Prinia burnessi, an all around the world imperiled
Species has been recorded here.
The Indus Dolphin Plantanista minor happens in some stretches of the Indus River upstream of the Barrage and has been recorded at Chashma, however not located as of late. Other well evolved creatures happening in the space incorporate Sus scrofa cristatus, Axis porcinus, Canis aureus,Felis libyca and Lutra perspicillata.
The rich fish fauna incorporates Gadusa chapra, Notopterus chitala, catla, Cirrhinus mrigala,C. rego, Labeo rohita, L. microphthalamus, Puntius ticto, P. disgrace, Barilius vagra, Wallago attu, rita, bagarius, Mystus aor, M. seenghala, Heteropneustes fossilis,Eutropiichthys vacha, Nandus, Mastacembelus armatus, m. pancalus, Ambassis nama, A.ranga and Channa punctatus. Other amphibian fauna included Hirudinaria sp, Palaeomondayanus, P. lamarrei, Rana tigrina, Kachuga smithi, Trionyx gangeticus and Lissemyspunctata.
Unique verdure values: None known.
Exploration and offices:
Yearly mid-winter waterfowl forgets about have been conveyed starting around 1971, and an investigation of the status of the Indus Dolphin is as of now being directed by the Wildlife Research Institute,Faisalabad. Summer rearing bird reviews are likewise directed by the establishment staff who are likewise bustling composing a Management Plan for the Sanctuary.
Rules for Inclusion: 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b (Rec C 4.2 (Rev)).
1c. Especially great delegate of a Wetland type in the district.
2a. Upholds a calculable gathering of intriguing, powerless or jeopardized species or subspecies of plant or creature or an obvious number of people of any at least one of these species.
2b. Of exceptional incentive for keeping up with the hereditary and environmental variety of a district on account of the quality and quirks of its vegetation.
2c. Of exceptional worth as the natural surroundings of plants or creatures at a basic phase of their organic cycles.
3a. Consistently upholds in excess of 20,000 waterfowl.
3b. Consistently upholds significant quantities of people from specific gatherings of waterfowl demonstrative of wetland values, usefulness or variety.
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